The 4 Stages of Adlerian Therapy

Individual therapy, or Adlerian therapy, is an approach in which a therapist works with a client to identify obstacles and create effective strategies for working towards their goals. Adlerians believe that, by gaining insight into challenges, people can overcome feelings of inferiority. Moreover, Adlerians believe that people are most fulfilled when they are working towards the social interest; that is, when they are doing things that are beneficial for society as a whole. Key Takeaways: Adlerian Therapy Adlerian therapy, also known as individual therapy, emphasizes the individual’s ability to bring about positive change in his or her own life.Adlerian therapy consists of four stages: engagement, assessment, insight, and reorientation.In Adler’s theory, individuals work to overcome feelings of inferiority and to act in ways that benefit the social interest. Four Stages of Adlerian Therapy In Adler’s approach to therapy, termed individual psychology or Adlerian psychology, therapy progresses through a series of four stages: Engagement. The client and therapist begin to establish the therapeutic relationship. The relationship should consist of collaboration towards addressing the clients problems. The therapist should offer support and encouragement.Assessment. The therapist works to learn more about the clients background, including early memories and family dynamics. In this part of therapy, the therapist attempts to understand how the client may have developed certain styles of thinking that are no longer helpful or adaptive for them.Insight. The therapist offers an interpretation of the client’s situation. The therapist suggests theories about how past experiences may have contributed to issues the client is currently experiencing; importantly, the therapist leaves it up to the client to decide whether these theories are accurate and useful.Reorientation. The therapist helps the client to develop new strategies that the client can use in daily life. Feelings of Inferiority One of Adler’s most well known ideas is that everyone experiences feelings of inferiority (i.e. worries that one is not achieving enough). Among psychologically healthy individuals, these feelings of inferiority encourage the pursuit of goals, providing motivation to strive towards self-improvement. In other words, by developing positive ways of coping with feelings of inferiority, individuals can end up achieving great things and making a positive contribution to society as a whole. However, some individuals have difficulty coping with feelings of inferiority, which leads them to feel discouraged. Other individuals may cope with feelings of inferiority in unproductive ways, like behaving selfishly in order to feel superior to others. In Adlerian therapy, the therapist works to provide the client the support and encouragement they need in order to cope more effectively with feelings of inferiority and to develop healthy ways of overcoming these feelings. Social Interest One of Adler’s other key ideas was the concept of the social interest. According to this idea, people are at their best—their psychologically healthiest and most fulfilled—when they act in ways that benefit society. For example, a person high in social interest might go out of their way to help others, while a person with lower levels of social interest may bully others or act in antisocial ways. Importantly, levels of social interest can change over time. A therapist can help their client increase his or her levels of social interest. Alfred Adlers Life and Legacy Alfred Adler was born in the suburbs outside of Vienna, Austria in 1870. He studied medicine at the University of Vienna, graduating in 1895. After medical school, Adler first worked as an ophthalmologist, but later decided to study psychiatry. He was initially a colleague of Sigmund Freud, with whom he cofounded the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society. However, he later split with Freud and went on to develop his own ideas about psychiatry. Adler developed the approach to therapy known as individual psychology, and in 1912, he founded the Society of Individual Psychology. Today, Adler’s influence can be found in numerous areas of psychology. Many his ideas have found support in the burgeoning field of positive psychology, and his emphasis on the individual’s social context (e.g. family setting and larger culture) is supported in many branches of contemporary psychology. Sources â€Å"About Alfred Adler.† Adler University. https://www.adler.edu/page/about/history/about-alfred-adlerâ€Å"Adlerian Principles.† Adler University. https://www.adler.edu/page/community-engagement/center-for-adlerian-practice-and-scholarship/history/adlerian-principlesâ€Å"Adlerian Psychology / Psychotherapy.† GoodTherapy.org (2016, Oct. 4). https://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/types/adlerian-psychologyâ€Å"Adlerian Therapy.† Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/therapy-types/adlerian-therapyâ€Å"Alfred Adler.† North American Society of Adlerian Psychology. https://www.alfredadler.org/alfred-adlerâ€Å"Alfred Adler (1870-1937).† GoodTherapy.org (2018, Mar. 2). https://www.goodtherapy.org/famous-psychologists/alfred-adler.htmlClark, Arthur J. â€Å"What the World Needs More: Social Interest.† Psychology Today Blog (2017, Sep. 4). https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/dawn-memories/201709/what-the-world-n eeds-more-social-interestWatts, Richard E. â€Å"Adlerian Counseling.†Ã‚  The Handbook of Educational Theories  (2013): 459-472. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Richard_Watts8/publication/265161122_Adlerian_counselingWhat Is an Adlerian?† North American Society of Adlerian Psychology. https://www.alfredadler.org/what-is-an-adlerian

The Benefits of Capital Punishment Essay - 1044 Words

The Benefits of Capital Punishment Justice is about enforcing consequences for one’s own actions to endorse personal responsibility and the notion of capital punishment does just that. Capital punishment is an effective and efficient method of deterring would be criminals and preventing criminals to commit more crimes. It is by far the oldest form of punishment in the world and remains in effect in many nations. Through discussing many arguments in support of capital punishment it is obvious why this method of punishment is so controversial and why it should remain in effect today, regardless of the negative criticism it garners. Capital punishment has been used in the United States since the execution of Daniel Frank of†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the evidence of these two respectable studies illustrates that implementation of the death penalty correlates with a drop in the homicide rate. Another argument for the death penalty is that putting a murderer away for life is not good enough. Laws change, parole boards do not remain the same, people forget the past, etc. It is these things that indefinitely cause life imprisonment to weather away. As long as the murderer is still alive, there is a chance that he or she may kill again. A perfect example of this occurred in the case of â€Å"Dawud Mu’Min, who was serving a 48-year sentence for the 1973 murder of a cab driver when he escaped a road work gang and stabbed to death a store keeper in a 1988 robbery that only netted $4.00.† Fortunately, there is no chance that he will commit another murder again as he was executed by the state of Virginia in 1997 (Wesley Lowe’s Pro Death Penalty Webpage, Online). This argument in support of capital punishment goes to show that this is the reasoning why people who truly value public safety, believe there is no substitute for the death penalty. The argument of the constitutionality of capital punishment is also an extremely controversial argument. Many abolitionists claim that the death penalty is â€Å"unconstitutional and forbids cruel and unusual punishment† (Wesley Lowe’s Pro Death Penalty Webpage, Online). However, closerShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment1406 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment Many positions can be defended when debating the issue of capital punishment. In Jonathan Glovers essay Executions, he maintains that there are three views that a person may have in regard to capital punishment: the retributivist, the absolutist, and the utilitarian. Although Glover recognizes that both statistical and intuitive evidence cannot validate the benefits of capital punishment, he can be considered a utilitarian because he believes that social usefulness isRead MoreCapital Punishment1534 Words   |  7 PagesThe death penalty has been around for many centuries and will probably be around for many to come. Although some citizens feel capital punishment is ethically wrong, it is necessary in today s society for various reasons. Society must be kept safe from the barbaric acts of murders and rapist, by taking away their lives to function and perform in our society. Most criminals don t take into account the results of their actions. If a person intending to commit a crime, sees another criminal put toRead More Capital Punishment Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pages Capital Punishment nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many positions can be defended when debating the issue of capital punishment. In Jonathan Glovers essay quot;Executions,quot; he maintains that there are three views that a person may have in regard to capital punishment: the retributivist, the absolutist, and the utilitarian. Although Glover recognizes that both statistical and intuitive evidence cannot validate the benefits of capital punishment, he can be considered a utilitarian becauseRead MoreArguing Against Capital Punishment1591 Words   |  7 Pagesdebate over capital punishment, the opponents argue that capital punishment should not be practiced because it has a civilizing effect and practicing capital punishment has do deterrent effect. On the other side of the debate, the supporters argue that capital punishment should not be abolished because it is just retribution and has a deterrent effect. In this paper, I will argue that capital punishment should not be practiced. In the article titled, â€Å"The Folly of Capital Punishment,† Jeffrey ReimanRead MoreAristotle And Confucius Maintained An Ethical Position On Capital Punishment967 Words   |  4 PagesBoth Aristotle and Confucius maintained an ethical position concerning capital punishment. While we can safely assume Aristotle believed capital punishment is appropriate under certain circumstances, Confucius generally argued against the death penalty. Nevertheless, both ethical viewpoints find some common ground where capital punishment can be justified. Aristotle s theory of justice offers an outline for a system of justice, of which the death penalty for appropriate crimes is acceptable. HisRead MoreShould There be a Capital Punishment in Kazakhstan?862 Words   |  3 Pages Capital punishment or execution is the legal process of putting a person to death as a punishment for committed crime. The death penalty is legal in many countries as Iran, USA, China, India and Sudan. However, other countries, including Kazakhstan, find it cruel and violent. This essay indicates are there more benefits or drawbacks in using capital punishment in Kazakhstan. This research will begin by evaluating the social factors of capital punishment then it will proceed to investigate theRead MorePros And Cons Of Capital Punishment1303 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment: The Benefits and Downfalls Taylor M. Osborne Charleston Southern University Abstract The following essay explores the pros and cons of capital punishment. A brief history of how capital punishment was introduced into modern society is included. Various resources have been used for research which include online articles, studies, and textbook references. This paper suggests the costs of capital punishment to be very high, but brings closure and justice to families, and evenRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Be Allowed955 Words   |  4 PagesCapital punishment is execution, which can furthermore be identified as the death penalty, has been a hot topic in the public eye for a while. The question on lots of minds is whether it is acceptable for the state to terminate one’s life for the crime they have committed. A significant question that we will address is whether or not capital punishment should be allowed. By inquiring more information about this topic people should be able to formulate their own opinions on this debate. As I beganRead MoreThe Ethics of Capi tal Punishment Essay examples1501 Words   |  7 Pagesthe United States only 38 states have capital punishment statutes. As of year ended in 1999, in Texas, the state had executed 496 prisoners since 1930. The laws in the United States have change drastically in regards to capital punishment. An example of this would be the years from 1968 to 1977 due to the nearly 10 year moratorium. During those years, the Supreme Court ruled that capital punishment violated the Eight Amendment’s ban on cruel and unusual punishment. However, this ended in 1976, whenRead More Capital Punishment Is A Deterrent To Crime Essay1202 Words   |  5 Pages Capital Punishment has ended the lives of criminals for centuries. People have debated whether the government should have the power to decide one person’s life. On one side, people think the government does not have the right to play God as well as believe that the death penalty is simply unethical. Forty-eight percent of a half sam ple survey stated that life imprisonment was a better punishment for murder while forty-seven percent stated that capital punishment was a better punishment (Newport)

Essay on The Abortion Dispute - 1819 Words

The Abortion Question The morality of induced abortion is one of the most controversial moral issues of our time. Abortion has grown to be one, if no the most, debated argument of modern times. In the following web-page, we will be discussing abortion in three of its major aspects: Public Opinion, Congress and Courts, and Interest groups. Abortion is the ending of a pregnancy before birth, resulting in the death of the embryo or fetus. Abortion is an issue in which most people have an opinion on. Whether it is pro-life or pro-choice, most opinions do reflect the individual and their personal opinions in life. As will be discussed further on, there is a great dividend in the population concerning their sides in this matter. Both†¦show more content†¦Just as the following link shows and explains, the issue of abortion, concerning public opinion, illustrates a bimodal distribution: PUBLIC OPINION POLLS ON ABORTION Here we see how the public opinion of the people is very distinct and diverse. We see many of those individuals who believe in pro-life, as well as those who believe in pro-choice. Why does this issue continue to persist at such an increasing debate? It is because each side has poweful arguments and devoted adherents. On one side, we have those who believe that they are fighting for the lives of millions of soon to be humans who are being killed in their prenatal stage. On the other hand, we find those who see this issue as fighting for a womans freedom to control her body, her private decisions, and in some cases her life. But how does public opinion relate to the policies made concerning this issue? As will be proved throughout this web-page, both political branches of government, legislative and executive, do not necessarily represent the ideas of public opinion. But what exactly does Pro-life and Pro-choice mean? To clarify in a very simple, yet quite explanitory way, go to: Abortion Choice Vote So, the fact that people, in general share these two major, opposing sides makes this issue even harder to resolve. As shown in the censuses, public opinion, in thi s country, is very diverse and equally distributedShow MoreRelatedAbortion Vs Abortion903 Words   |  4 PagesTherefore, the woman does not have any right to terminate the fetus even if she got pregnant against her consent. Thomas and Noonan differ on their ideologies of having abortion. While Noonan clings on his viewpoint that abortion is allowed in an act of self-dense, Thomas claims that a woman has the right to abort when the conceived fetus is out of rape (Gordon, n.d.). Even though Noonan’s argument on self-defense remains unclear, it is still cruel to take one’s life over the other out of selfishRead MoreThe Debate On Abortion And Gun Control1604 Words   |  7 Pagesrelevant. These public disputes have no limit, ranging in cases from domestic to international. Opinions are always expressed towards the activities associated with the governance of a country or other area. This especially applies to the debate or conflict among individuals or parties in hope o f achieving power. Dealing with politics there is always a side that agrees and disagrees, thus developing the debate. Two of the most domestic controversial political topics are abortion and gun control. AsRead MoreAbortion And The United States1266 Words   |  6 PagesIn the United States the abortion has become a big deal in American political landscape. Also is very sadly because is consider it moral issues rather than personal rights or civil liberties. This issue has much both sides of political fence but many do not consider it. But me myself I opposed to abortion, especially abortion on demand and welcome the government’s protection of the unborn. Also other issues are involved in abortion debate, but this issue of personal is freedom already mentionedRead More Stop Abortions Essay examples1490 Words   |  6 PagesStop Abortions On January 22, 1973 the court decision of Roe vs. Wade stated that approved processes of abortion are legalized until viability, which is the point at which the fetus is capable of surviving outside the mother’s body. The decision allows individual states to regulate or ban abortion after viability except, however, when necessary to protect the life or physical well-being of the mother (10 Important1). It has been almost thirty years since that solemn day where a nation, builtRead MoreAbortion And Birth Control : Pro Choice And Pro Life Essay1281 Words   |  6 Pages Different Arguments for Different Ends Shana Meyer December 7, 2016 â€Æ' Different Arguments for Different Ends Abortion and birth control have long served as very heated, very debated topics, especially in the equal rights movement. Groups on both sides of the dispute have made strong arguments either in support of or against a woman’s right to use birth control and/or seek an abortion. Interestingly, many of the arguments share very similar foundational thoughts but are used to suggest very differentRead MoreWhy Abortion Is Morally Wrong1559 Words   |  7 PagesIMPORTANCE OF THE TOPIC: The morality of abortion is a topic that has long been discussed by both those for and against the act. Until 1972 when the Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade made abortion legal in all 50 states, the act of getting an abortion was illegal in many states. Both sides of the moral arguments explain the reasoning behind their arguments. The moral question is if the act of getting an abortion is the same as murdering another human being. YES ARGUMENT PATRICK LEE AND ROBERT PRead MoreIs Abortion Morally Wrong? Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesten of these end in abortion† (Guttmacher Institute). Although today the United States is split among many controversial issues, one of the most disputed controversies is abortion, which has taken our country by storm over the last decade. As more and more unexpected pregnancies are occurring, many women find themselves faced with the financial and social burdens of potentially raising a child. Helpless and faced with a life- changing dilemma, these women turn to abortion as their only choiceRead MoreA Critique of John T. Noonans an Almost Absolute Value in History1251 Words   |  6 Pagesagainst the morality of abortion at any time during a pregnancy. According to Noonan (2012) humanity begins at the moment of conception. Therefore, the unborn child has the inherent right to live, and abortion at any stage of gestation would be the equivalent of murder (p. 472). He makes no exceptions for pregnancies resulting from rape or incest. The only exception he makes is when continuing a pregnancy puts the mother’s life at risk. His arguments are strong against abortion at a later stage ofRead MoreAbortion Kant vs. Utilitarians686 Words   |  3 PagesAbortion Abortion is defined as an early termination of a pregnancy, willingly. It is one of the most controversial issues that is brought up because there are so many different views. This ethical issue today is usually split in two groups, one of these views being pro-choice, giving the option to have an abortion to the family of the fetus. The other main view today is pro-life, which states under no circumstance may a life be taken away. There are many concerns with abortion, the biggestRead MoreEssay about Pro-Choice Doesnt Mean Pro-Abortion758 Words   |  4 Pagesgiven the right to obtain an abortion. Almost 50% of all pregnancies in this country are unintended, including over 30% within marriage. And over half of all unplanned pregnancies end in abortion. Improved access to contraception would address the source causes of unintended pregnancy and would diminish the need for abortion, but not abolish the choice. A widespread misconception with the pro-life, pro-choice dispute is that pro-choice means â€Å"for abortion†. Pro-choice plainly means women

Huckleberry finn 2 Essay Example For Students

Huckleberry finn 2 Essay Character Analysis: Huckleberry FinnHuckleberry Finn is one of the many milestones in modern literature. It stands as a testament to the genius the world knows as Mark Twain. Through clever use of local color and other literary devices, he is able to weave not only the entertaining tale of Huck and Jim, but also a powerful anti-slavery message, which became the cause of both negative criticism and critical acclaim. This embodiment of Mark Twains ideals in the young Huck Finn is a perfect example of the many people and things Huck Finn poses as and represents in the novel. Throughout the tale, Huckleberry Finn is portrayed as being a master of masquerading around as another person and is the means by which Mark Twain conveys his views to the world. If Mark Twain could have written an autobiography about himself, he more than likely would describe himself as possessing many qualities similar to those of Huck Finn. The many encounters Huck has with the Mississippi River are drawn from Mark Twains childhood home of Hannibal, Missouri, a town on the Mississippi. Even more important than childhood similarities; in the novel, Huck becomes more than just another character. He becomes a vessel by which Mark Twain shares his views with the world. In the South where he lived, there was still much bitterness towards ex-slaves and this dictated what was proper and what was not. Instead of writing a manifesto of his views, these views were consolidated with Hucks character. Through Hucks eyes, we are not only able to see Twains views but we also see them justified. Twains satirical view of religion manifests itself when Miss Watson confronts Huck on the subject of Heaven. She feels that Heaven is a place where all a body would have to do th ere was to go around all day long with a harp and sing, forever, and ever.Huck is disgusted by this and says that he didnt think much of it. and goes on to say that he wants to go to the bad place because the widow said that Tom Sawyer didnt have much of a chance of going to the good place. Not only is this Twains way of saying that religion, taken at face value, is bunk, but is also his observation of how society shapes the minds of those who choose to harmonize with it. At another point during the book, Huck assumes the guise of a girl named Sarah Williams. During this entire episode, Huck is eerily calm and plays his part perfectly; that is, until the woman sees Hucks seasoned throwing skills and his threading of the needle. Although Huck plays his part almost perfectly, because of his lack of interaction with society, especially with women, he cannot anticipate the ‘traps’, which the woman unknowingly lays out for him. The fact that Huck forgot his name for a minute is but a minor detail that would have probably gone unnoticed had it not been for Hucks two previous follies. After he divulges his true identity as being George Peters, the woman tells HuckYou do a girl tolerable poor, but you might fool men, maybe. Bless you, child, when you set out to thread the needle dont hold the thread still and fetch the needle up to it; hold the needle still and poke the thread at it; thats the way a woman most always does, but a man always does t otherway.This is Mark Twains way of telling us that society makes fools of those who choose not to conform to its standards. Despite a failed first attempt, Huck proves himself to be comfortable in disguise when he encounters the Grangerfords. At one point in this encounter, he forgets his name, despite being warned not to do so by the lady who saw through his guise. Here, Huck shows his superior ability of human understanding by fooling the young Buck Grangerford into telling him his own name. To accomplish this, he first asks Buck whether he can spell his name. Knowing that if a person sees a chance to raise himself over another persons expectations, he probably will, Huck taunts Buck by saying I bet you cant spell my name. Buck falls for Hucks tricks and replies by saying I bet you what you dare I can. After this, Buck reveals the alias Huck gave them when they first met, and saved Huck the trouble of working around using his fake name. In this scene, Twain illustrates his belief of the importance of understanding human nature, which Huck clearly excels at. .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe , .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe .postImageUrl , .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe , .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe:hover , .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe:visited , .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe:active { border:0!important; } .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe:active , .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u991942a1b88d0933455f7a7e061f61fe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Online Shopping Services For Consumers And Businesses EssayThroughout the novel, Huck takes on many roles that, for the most part, are comical. However, The final disguise is one which the reader seldom notices; that of the author, who speaks through the words and actions of Huck Finn. The last laugh goes to none other than Mark Twain himself.